The Assyrian cuneiform tablets ( Cappadocia Tablets ) which were found in Kultepe (Kanes ) indicate that many trade colonies were founded by the Assyrians in Cappadocia toward the end of the Third Millenium B.C.

Hatties and Luvies formed city states in Cappadocia, followed by the Hittites, Frigians, Persians, Alexander the Great, Romans, The Byzantine Empire; Selcuk Turks, Ottoman Turks and modern Turkey. Cappadocia was one of the earliest centers of Christianity.

There are 1000 churches, chapels and cells carved into tufa rocks in Cappadocia. These structures from the middle Byzantine period are in Goreme, Guzelyurt, Ihlara, Soganlıdere, Mustafapasa, Zelve, Konakli, Kaymakli regions. Ihlara Valley attracts attention thanks to the variety of structures and frescos. Except for cave churches, Andaval Basilika which is 9 km from Nigde ( 6th century ), The Virgin Mary church in Tomarza town ( 5th century ), Ucayak church near Taburoglu Village in Kirsehir ( 10th-11th century ), Karagedik church in Ihlara Valley are some of the independent structures. Amazing underground cities carved and connected with wells and corridors, resemble huge underground apartment complexes which accomodated thousands of people. The most important underground cities are Kaymakli, Ozkonak and Derinkuyu. Derinkuyu was featured on the Travel Channel's premiere program of Bizarre Worlds with Andrew Zimmern and featuring Bora Ozkok as guide.

The Goreme Outdoor Museum, a World Heritage Site, is nestled among mystical fairy chimneys in the Goreme Valley. The museum features many carved churches, monasteries, convents and chapels. The most important churches in the museum with frescos are Elmali, Karanlik, Carikli, Tokali, Sakli, Yilanli, Elnazar and St. Barbara.

Also in the Goreme Valley, Cappadocia Cave Suites had been used as a hayloft, barn and shelter by local people until 1980. At the end of 1990, restoration work started without damaging the historical and original shapes. In 2001, Cappadocia Cave Suites opened with 18 suites, retaining the history and old-world charm by blending antiques and local handicrafts with modern conveniences. The hotel will offer 38 uniquely decorated suites by the second half of 2009.